Agentes y moderadores en espacios verdes urbanos: una visión multiespecies

Resumo

En las últimas décadas, las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (SbN) se han postulado como estrategias clave para enfrentar los desafíos ambientales producidos por el cambio climático. Usualmente se emplean para controlar inundaciones, mitigar la polución del aire, reducir la temperatura en los edificios. Sin embargo, aunque promueven sostenibilidad ambiental, las SbN siguen agendas de desarrollo masivo que enfatizan una visión utilitaria sobre el mundo vegetal, afectando la agencia de los administradores ambientales y los organismos vivos que constituyen el entorno natural. Este estudio, basado en observaciones etnográficas desde 2018, analiza tres tipos de SbN en Singapur: edificios que integran organismos vegetales en fachadas, parques urbanos e iniciativas lideradas por comunidades en agricultura y jardinería urbana. Se postula que tanto la tipología espacial como la gobernanza impactan la relación con la naturaleza, y se concluye que los espacios liderados por comunidades manifiestan niveles altos de integridad ecológica. Como conclusión, se propone un método multiespecie para promover una interrelación simbiótica con la naturaleza, como medida para mitigar los efectos del Antropoceno.

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