Confort térmico en edificios educativos naturalmente ventilados: un estudio en bioclima templado-seco

Resumo

El bienestar, la eficiencia y el confort de las personas pueden verse afectados por las condiciones adversas del ambiente térmico. En México, los estudios que abordan dicho fenómeno se han desarrollado principalmente en sitios con bioclimas cálidos (seco y húmedo), y poca investigación hay sobre bioclimas templados o semifríos. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre confort térmico desarrollado con el enfoque adaptativo, en edificios naturalmente ventilados, durante la transición térmica del periodo frío al periodo cálido en Ensenada, Baja California (bioclima templado-seco). El estudio es de tipo correlacional y fue analizado con 987 evaluaciones y el registro simultáneo de la temperatura, la humedad relativa y la velocidad de viento, durante el periodo del 24 de abril al 22 de mayo de 2017. Los cuestionarios aplicados se diseñaron con la ISO 10551 y la ANSI/ASHRAE 55; asimismo, los instrumentos de medición responden a la ISO 7726. Los datos recabados fueron procesados estadísticamente con el método de medias por intervalos de sensación térmica. La temperatura neutra resultó en 20,2 °C, con un rango de confort de 17,7 °C-22,7 °C; los sujetos reflejaron mayor adaptación a temperaturas por encima de la temperatura neutra, a partir del emprendimiento de acciones voluntarias o involuntarias cuyo objetivo se enfocaba en reanudar el confort térmico de forma inmediata.

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