Propuesta metodológica para la identificación de potenciales corredores verdes urbanos. Estudio de caso: Temuco, Chile

Abstract

Urban green corridors are a Nature-Based Solution (NBS) that provides recreational areas and a network of urban connectivity for active mobility, in addition to providing ecosystem services to city dwellers, improving their quality of life, and serving as a strong management tool for sustainable city development. This paper proposes an innovative methodology, capable of being expanded,
for designing urban green corridors through a practical case in a mid-sized city, Temuco (Chile), based on the selection of small to medium urban green areas that, connected to bike paths and pedestrian streets, link core green areas of the city, understanding these as high-density green zones with diverse vegetation. The results show the applicability of the methodological criteria used in designing green corridors, and highlight the positive conditions of Temuco regarding the quality and surface area of green spaces, bike paths and pedestrian streets that promote clean urban mobility. Moreover, the method is replicable in other cities, allowing for the incorporation of new parameters that may yield greater benefits from the green corridor.

Keywords:

active mobility cycle paths susteinability urban planning urban trees

References

Ángel, S., Parent, J., & Civco, D. L. (2012). The fragmentation of urban landscapes: Global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990-2000. Environment and Urbanization, 24(1), 249-283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247811433536

Arroyo, M. T., Marquet, P. A., Marticorena, C., Simonetti, J., Cavieres, L. A., Squeo, F. A., Rozzi, R., & Massardo, F. (2006). El hotspot chileno, prioridad mundial para la conservación. Diversidad de ecosistemas, ecosistemas terrestres. En Biodiversidad de Chile, patrimonio y desafíos (pp. 90-93). Ocho Libro Editores. https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/120068

Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz. (2020). Plan de movilidad sostenible y espacio público de Vitoria-Gasteiz (2021-2025). https://www.vitoria-gasteiz.org/docs/wb021/contenidosEstaticos/adjuntos/es/45/92/94592.pdf

Bakogiannis, E., Vassi, A., Siti, M., & Christodoulopoulou, G. (2016). Developing a sustainable mobility plan in piraeus with special emphasis on cycling. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 4, 61-74. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2016.02.001

Baldó, J. (2014). Ciudades saludables / ciudades enfermas Healthy cities / sick cities. Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición, 27(1), 193-201.

Blinge, M. (2014). Policy measures to realise green corridors - A stakeholder perspective. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 12, 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.06.007

Cansino, J. M., Moreno, R., Quintana, D., & Roman-Collado, R. (2019). Health and heating in the city of Temuco (Chile). Monetary savings of replacing biomass with PV system in the residential sector. Sustainability, 11(19), 5205. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195205

Canto López, M. T. (2014). La ordenación de la Infraestructura Verde en el sudeste Ibérico (Comunidad Valenciana, España). Cuadernos de Biodiversidad, 45, 10-22. http://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/40005/1/CuadBio_45_03.pdf

Clausen, U., Geiger, C., & Behmer, C. (2012). Green corridors by means of ICT applications. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 1877-1886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1162

Diez Roux, A. V., Slesinski, S. C., Alazraqui, M., Caiaffa, W. T., Frenz, P., Jordán Fuchs, R., Miranda, J. J., Rodríguez, D. A., Dueñas, O. L. S., Siri, J., & Vergara, A. V. (2019). A novel international partnership for actionable evidence on urban health in Latin America: LAC‐Urban Health and Salurbal. Global Challenges, 3(4), 1800013. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201800013

Duque, J. C., Lozano-Gracia, N., Patiño, J. E., Restrepo, P., & Velásquez, W. A. (2019). Spatiotemporal dynamics of urban growth in Latin American cities: An analysis using nighttime light imagery Juan. Landscape and Urban Planning, 191(April), 103640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103640

Eltit, V. (2011). Transporte urbano no motorizado: El potencial de la bicicleta en la ciudad de Temuco. Revista INVI, 26(72), 153-184. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582011000200006

Flores, S., Van Mechelen, C., Vallejo, J. P., & Van Meerbeek, K. (2022). Trends and status of urban green and urban green research in Latin America. Landscape and Urban Planning, 227, 104536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104536

Gámez, V. (2005). Sobre sistemas, tipologías y estándares de áreas verdes en el planeamiento urbano. Diseño Urbano y Paisaje, 2(6), 1-22.

García-Ayllón, S. (2016). Rapid development as a factor of imbalance in urban growth of cities in Latin America: a perspective based on territorial indicators. Habitat International, 58, 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.10.005

Gill, S. E., Handley, J. F., Ennos, R., & Pauleit, S. (2007). Adapting cities for climate change: The role of the green infrastructure. Built Environment, 33(1), 115-133. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.33.1.115

Gurrutxaga, M. (2011). La gestión de la conectividad ecológica del territorio en España : iniciativas y retos. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 56, 225-244.

Handley, J., Pauleit, S., Slinn, P., Barber, A., Baker, M., Jones, C., & Lindley, S. (2003). Accessible natural green space. Standards in towns and cities: a review and toolkit for their implementation. English Nature Research Reports, 526, 98. https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/65021

Hardoy, J. E., Mitlin, D., & Satterthwaite, D. (2013). Environmental problems in an urbanizing world: Finding solutions in cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. En Substance abuse issues among families in diverse populations. Rutledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315071732

Hansen, R., & Pauleit, S. (2014). From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services? A conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green infrastructure planning for Urban Areas. Ambio, 43(4), 516–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2

Hong, J., & Mcarthur, D. (2020). Did safe cycling infrastructure still matter during a COVID-19 lockdown? Sustainability, 12(20), 8672. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208672

Huang, J., Fournier, N., & Skabardonis, A. (2021). Bicycle level of service: proposed updated pavement quality index. Transportation Research Record, 2675(11), 1346-1356. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981211026661

Ikin, K., Le Roux, D. S., Rayner, L., Villaseñor, N. R., Eyles, K., Gibbons, P., Manning, A. D., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2015). Key lessons for achieving biodiversity-sensitive cities and towns. Ecological Management and Restoration, 16(3), 206-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12180

İnançoğlu, S., Özden, Ö., & Kara, C. (2020). Green Corridors in urban landscapes, case study Nicosia Pedieos River. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n1p1

Jiang, Y., Huang, J., Shi, T., & Li, X. (2021). Cooling island effect of blue-green corridors: Quantitative comparison of morphological impacts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211917

Jirón, P., & Mansilla, P. (2014). Las consecuencias del urbanismo fragmentador en la vida cotidiana de habitantes de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Eure, 40(121), 79-97. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612014000300001

Kim, K. (2011). A comparative institutional analysis of management in urban riparian greenways: the American River Parkway (Sacramento, California) and the Willamette River Greenway (Portland, Oregon). The California State University, Scholarwork. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/fb494b74b

Lin, J. J., & Wei, Y. H. (2018). Assessing area-wide bikeability: A grey analytic network process. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 113(1), 381-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.04.022

McNeil, N. (2011). Bikeability and the 20-min neighborhood: How infrastructure and destinations influence bicycle accessibility. Transportation Research Record, 2247. https://doi.org/10.3141/2247-07

Mell, I. (2018). Financing the future of green infrastructure planning: alternatives and opportunities in the UK. Landscape Research, 43(6), 751-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2017.1390079

Moré, R., & Giret, M. (2013). Movilidad sostenible en Bogotá D.C. Caso metro Bogotá. Revista de Tecnología, 12(2), 52-99. https://doi.org/10.18270/rt.v12i2.769

Moreno, R., Ojeda, N., Azócar, J., Venegas, C., & Inostroza, L. (2020). Application of NDVI for identify potentiality of the urban forest for the design of a green corridors system in intermediary cities of Latin America: Case study, Temuco, Chile. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126821

Müller-Using, S., Rojas Ponce, Y., & Martin Stuven, M. (2021). Propuesta para la definición de un diámetro meta para los árboles futuro en renovales de roble (Nothofagus obliqua). Ciencia & Investigación Forestal, 27(3), 49-61. https://doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2021.553

Municipalidad de Temuco. (2010). Plan Regulador Comunal. Zonificación urbana. Municipalidad de Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile.

Myers, N., Mittermeier, R., Fonseca, G., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853-858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501

ONU-Habitat. (2022). World cities report 2022: Envisaging the future of cities. En World Cities Report 2022. https://onuhabitat.org.mx/WCR/

Pauleit, S., Slinn, P., Handley, J., & Lindley, S. (2003). Promoting the natural greenstructure of towns and cities: English nature’s accessible natural greenspace standards model. Built Environment, 29(2), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.29.2.157.54469

Peng, J., Zhao, H., & Liu, Y. (2017). Urban ecological corridors construction: A review. Shengtai Xuebao. Acta Ecológica Sínica, 37(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2016.12.002

Penteado, H. M., & Alvarez, C. E. (2007). Corredores verdes urbanos: estudo da viabilidade de conexão Das Áreas Verdes De Vitória. Paisagem Ambiente: Ensaios, 57-68. https://www.revistas.usp.br/paam/issue/view/6555

Psaraftis, H. N., & Panagakos, G. (2012). Green Corridors in European Surface freight logistics and the Supergreen Project. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 1723-1732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1147

Romero, H. (2009). Ecología política del cambio climático en ciudades chilenas: Características y vulnerabilidades sociales. Seminario Internacional Impactos Sociales del Cambio Climático a Nivel Internacional. Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. https://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/118159/EcologiaPolitica.pdf?sequence=1

Rueda, S. (2011). El urbanismo ecológico. Territorio, Urbanismo, Sostenibilidad, Paisaje, Diseño Urbano, p. 1–34. http://urban-e.aq.upm.es/articulos/ver/el-urbanismo-ecol-gico/completo

Schlegel, B., Gayoso, J., & Guerra, J. (2000). Manual de procedimientos. Muestreos de biomasa forestal. Universidad Austral de Chile. https://bibliotecadigital.ciren.cl/bitstream/handle/20.500.13082/26685/manmuesbio.PDF?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Segovia Araníbar, E. L., Esenarro, D., Ascama, L., Rodríguez, C., & Julca, M. S. (2020). Design of green infrastructure for sustainable urban transportation in Lomas del Paraíso in Villa María del Triunfo. Journal of Green Engineering, 10(11), 11180-11192.

Tolegen, Z., Konbr, U., Karzhaubayeva, S., Sadvokasova, G., Nauryzbayeva, A., & Amandykova, D. (2023). Assessment of safe access to pedestrian infrastructure facilities in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 11(1), 351-371. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110128

Vaccaro, L. (2011). Análisis de la accesibilidad desde la perspectiva de la movilidad. Universidad de Chile. https://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/100412/0649_aq-vaccaro_l.pdf

Vásquez, A. (2016). Infraestructura verde, servicios ecosistémicos y sus aportes para enfrentar el cambio climático en ciudades : el caso del corredor ribereño del río Mapocho en Santiago de Chile 1. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, 86, 63-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34022016000100005

Vásquez, A., Devoto, C., Giannotti, E., & Velásquez, P. (2016). Green infrastructure systems facing fragmented cities in Latin America - Case of Santiago, Chile. Procedia Engineering, 161, 1410-1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.602

Vélez Restrepo, L. A. (2007). Paisajismo y ecología del paisaje en la gestión de la arborización de calles. Una referencia a la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Gestión y Ambiente, 10(4), 131-140. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=169419796011

Wang, Y. (2013). Sustainable development and green space system construction. 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics, 40971101, 1-5 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6626192

Whitford, V., Ennos, A. R., & Handley, J. F. (2001). City form and natural process. Indicators for the ecological performance of urban areas and their application to Merseyside, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning, 57(2), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00192-X

Žlender, V., & Ward Thompson, C. (2017). Accessibility and use of peri-urban green space for inner-city dwellers: A comparative study. Landscape and Urban Planning, 165, 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.011

Reference by