Senti-pensando la ciudad. Conocimientos y emociones relacionados con la accidentalidad peatonal. Formulación de un problema de diseño urbano

Abstract

Mitigating the accident rate in our Latin American cities is a key factor for urban designers and planners to include in their proposals various approaches and studies to understand people's behavior on the subject. To comprehend the cognitive-emotional mechanisms of the different road actors in the public space contributes to the formulation of design strategies to configure safe environments that vindicate the action of walking for contemporary citizens. With the purpose of reducing the accident rate in the city of Manizales, Colombia, a study is being carried out to analyze how the emotions and knowledge of road actors contribute to change their interaction with the city. The methodological approach of the study is qualitative and participatory, based on the guidelines of design for behavior change, emotional design, and participatory design (PD), with the aim of outlining the design route to respond to the problem of accident rate in the city. The results show limited knowledge of pedestrians and drivers related to road regulations and dissimilar emotions among these road actors. The conclusions of the study allow projecting a design problem focused on developing PD strategies that synchronize emotions between drivers and pedestrians, inducing experiential learning about road regulations in context.

Keywords:

citizen education habitat participatory design social behavior transport safety

References

Avineri, E., Shinar, D., & Susilo, Y. O. (2012). Pedestrians’ behaviour in cross walks: The effects of fear of falling and age. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.028

Barboza-Palomino, M., Salas, G., Rojas-Portocarrero, W. K., Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Ventura-León, J., Reyes-Calle, S., Torres-Guffanti, A., & Rivas-Romero, W. (2020). Traffic safety competencies in Peruvian high school students. Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 68, 33-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.11.009

Barton, B. K., Kologi, S. M., & Siron, A. (2016). Distracted pedestrians in crosswalks: an application of the theory of planned behavior. Transportation Research Part F. Traffic Psychology And Behaviour, 37, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.12.012

Blecic, I., Cecchini, A., Congiu, T., Pazzola, M., & Trunfio, G. A. (2013). A Design and Planning Support System for Walkability and Pedestrian Accessibility. En B. Murgante, S. Misra, M. Carlini, C. M. Torre, H.-Q. Nguyen, D. Taniar, B. O. Apduhan, & O. Gervasi (Eds.), Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2013 (pp. 284-293). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39649-6_20

Cao, Y., Zhuang, X., & Ma, G. (2019). Shorten pedestrians’ perceived waiting time: The effect of tempo and pitch in audible pedestrian signals at red phase. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 123, 336-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.12.011

Chai, J., Qu, W., Sun, X., Zhang, K., & Ge, Y. (2016). Negativity bias in dangerous drivers. PloS One, 11(1), e0147083. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147083

Chaparro Narváez, P. E., & Guerrero, J. (2001). Condiciones de trabajo y salud en conductores de una empresa de transporte público urbano en Bogotá, DC. Rev. Salud Pública, 171-187.

Dewey, J. (2004). Experiencia y educación. Biblioteca Nueva.

Dixon, B. (2020). Dewey and design—a pragmatist perspective for design research. Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030474706

Duperrex, O., Roberts, I., & Bunn, F. (2002).Safety education of pedestrians for injury prevention. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, CD001531. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001531

Fransman, A., Richter, B., & Raath, S. (2018). An interactive computer program for South African urban primary school children to learn about traffic signs and rules. African Safety romotion, 16(1), 57-67.

Gambetta, D. (2000). Can We Trust? Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, 213-37.

Gaver, W., Michael, M., Kerridge, T., Wilkie, A., Boucher, A., Ovalle, L., & Plummer-Fernández, M. (2015). Energy Babble: Mixing environmentally-oriented internet content to engage community groups. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp.1115-1124). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702546

Gehl, J., & Svarre, B. (2013). How to study public life. Island Press.

Hernández, H. W., Perdomo, M. E., & García, M. M. (2004). Accidentes de tránsito. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. https://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/documents/20143/49490/Accidentes+De+Transito.pdf

Hernández, R., & Mendoza, C. P. M. (2018). Metodología de la investigación. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.

Huemer, A. K., Oehl, M., & Brandenburg, S. (2018). Influences on anger in German urban cyclists. Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 58, 969-979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.07.026

Ibrahim, J. M., Day, H., Hirshon, J. M., & El-Setouhy, M. (2012). Road risk-perception and pedestrian injuries among students at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 4(2), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v4i2.112

Islam, R., Ali Khan, M., Hossain, M., C. Mani, K. K., & Min, R. M. (2020). Road traffic accidents in Bangladesh: Why people have poor knowledge and awareness about traffic rules? International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science, 10(2), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_65_19

Jones, P. H. (2014). Systemic design principles for complex social systems. En G. S. Metcalf (Ed.), Social systems and design (pp.91-128). Springer Japan.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54478-4_4

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 438-458. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926620

Manso Pérez, V., & Castaño Pardo, M. (2008). Educación y Seguridad Vial. La aportación de los agentes sociales a la movilidad segura. Etrasa.

Medel, M., & Montre, V. (2018). Imaginarios urbanos sobre topofilia y topofobia: El caso de la ciudad de Chiguayante, Región del Biobío. Revista de Urbanismo, 38, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5354/0717-5051.2018.48702

Merkle, C., & Weber, M. (2011). True overconfidence: The inability of rational information processing to account for apparent overconfidence. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116(2), 262-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.07.004

Ministerio de Transporte. (2015). Manual de Señalización Vial. Mintransporte. https://www.mintransporte.gov.co/documentos/29/manuales-de-senalizacionvial/

Montezuma, R. (2008). El derecho a la vida en la movilidad urbana y el espacio público en América Latina. En J. F. Erazo, Inter/secciones urbanas: origen y contexto en América Latina (pp. 293-300). FLACSO-Crearimagen.

Montoro, L., Alonso, F., Esteban, C., & Toledo, F. (2000). Manual de seguridad vial: El factor humano. Univ. Psychol. Bogotá (Colombia), 1(2), 87-88.

OMS. (2018). Accidentes de tránsito. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/factsheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries

Páramo, B. P. (2018). La investigación en ciencias sociales: Técnicas de recolección de la información. Universidad Piloto de Colombia.

Plutchik, R. (1997). The circumplex as a general model of the structure of emotions and personality. En: R. Plutchik, & H. R. Conte (Eds.). Circumplex models of personality and motions (pp. 17-45). APA.

Plutchik, R. (2001). The nature of emotions: Human emotions have deep evolutionary roots, a fact that may explain their complexity and provide tools for clinical practice. American Scientist, 89(4), 344-350. JSTOR.

Puig, O. (2005). Antropología vial: Una propuesta humanista. II Jornadas sobre búsqueda de soluciones al problema de los accidentes de tráfico. Zaragoza.

Rosenbloom, T., Nemrodov, D., Ben-Eliyahu, A.,& Eldror, E. (2008). Fear and danger appraisals of a road-crossing scenario: A developmental perspective. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(4), 1619-1626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.05.001

Sabet, D. M. (2013). Fear is not enough: Testing the impact of risk on pedestrian behavior in Dhaka, Bangladesh. University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh.

Sanders, E., & Stappers, P. J. (2013). Convivial Toolbox: Generative Research for the Front End of Design. BIS Publishers.

Sanders, E., & Stappers, P. J. (2014). Probes, toolkits and prototypes: Three approaches to making in codesigning. CoDesign, 10(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2014.888183

Sanders, L. (2008). An evolving map of design practice and design research. http://www.dubberly.com/articles/an-evolving-map-of-design-practice-anddesign-research.html

Segovia M., O., & Neira B, H. (2005). Espacios públicos urbanos: Una contribución a la identidad y confianza social y privada [Tesis]. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117985

Sheller, M. (2004). Automotive emotions—Feeling the car. Theory Culture & Society, 21(4-5), 221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276404046068

Smeenk, W., Sturm, J., & Eggen, B. (2019). A comparison of existing frameworks leading to an empathic formation compass for co-design. International Journal of Design, 13(3), 53-68.

Stevenson, M., Thompson, J., de Sá, T. H., Ewing, R., Mohan, D., McClure, R., Roberts, I., Tiwari, G., Giles-Corti, B., Sun, X.,Wallace, M., & Woodcock, J. (2016). Land use, transport, and population health: Estimating the health benefits of compact cities. The Lancet, 388(10062), 2925-2935. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30067-8

Stoker, P., Garfinkel-Castro, A., Khayesi, M., Odero, W., Mwangi, M. N., Peden, M., & Ewing, R. (2015). Pedestrian safety and the built environment a review of the risk factors. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(4), 377-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412215595438

Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Mikulincer, M., & Gillath, O. (2004). The multidimensional driving style inventory—Scale construct and validation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00010-1

Tonnelat, S. (2010). The sociology of urban public spaces. En Territorial evolution and planning solution: experiences from China and France (pp. 84-92). Atlantis Press.

Valbuena, B. W., Montoya Carvajal, A., & Pinzon, L. F. (2020). From a ludic loom of ideas to the spiral of intercultural co-creation. Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise 1, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1145/3385010.3385022

Vallejo Uribe, F., & López Torres, Z. A. (2019). Las representaciones sociales a bordo del automóvil en Medellín, Colombia. Anagramas (Medellín), 17(34), Article 34. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1692-25222019000100225&lng=es&tlng=es

Vargas, C., Castro, C., Martos, F. J., & Trujillo, H.M. (2012). Conocimiento de las normas de tráfico en función de la edad y de la importancia para la seguridad vial. Universitas Psychologica, 11(4), 1289-1289. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy11-4.cntf

Vayá, E. J. C., Egeda, R. B., & Tobal, J. J. M.(1995). El ambiente de tráfico como generador de ansiedad en el conductor: Inventario de situaciones ansiógenas en el tráfico (ISAT). Anuario de Psicología, 65, 165-184.

World Resources Institute. (2015). Cities safer by design- Guidance and examples to promote traffic safety through urban and street design. http://www.wri.org/events/2015/07/citiessafer-design

Reference by