This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Revista de Arquitectura is an open access journal. More information...
Authors retain copyright and grant to the Revista de Arquitectura the right of first publication, which will be simultaneously subject to the Creative Commons (CC) BY-NC license.
Authors will sign a non-exclusive distribution license for the published version of the article by completing (RevArq FP03 Permission to Reproduce).
Self-archiving will comply with SHERPA/RoMEO guidelines and the Green classification.
To see in detail these guidelines, please consult...
Abstract
This article addresses the research question: how do young people in Madrid perceive hostile architecture and the effects it provokes? It focuses on the impact of hostile architecture in Madrid, highlighting its influence on young people. A qualitative study was carried out, using the photovoice technique, reveals that this practice generates discomfort, disidentification with the environment and discrimination among adolescents. The limitation of healthy leisure time and the promotion of an individualistic lifestyle are additional consequences. This exploratory study collected testimonies from eight young people, it highlights the need to consider their experiences in order to improve the urban environment. Hostile architecture not only affects vulnerable groups, such as homeless people, but also undermines the Right to the City of the whole population. The findings underline the importance of listening to young people in order to revitalise public space, promote inclusivity and create a more egalitarian and caring city.
References
Aramburu Otazu, M. (2008). Usos y significados del espacio público. ACE: Architecture, City and Environment, 143-151. https://doi.org/10.5821/ACE.V3I8.2461
Ardura Urquiaga, Á. (2014). Madrid. Espacio público confiscado. La privatización y resignificación del espacio público en los procesos de transformación material de las plazas del centro de Madrid. XIII Coloquio Internacional de Geocrítica. El Control de los Espacios y los Espacios de Control.
Bachiller, S. (2009). Significados del espacio público y exclusión de las personas sin hogar como un proceso de movilidad forzada. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 128(1), 125-137. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/997/99715235005.pdf
Bodnar, J. (2015). Reclaiming public space. Estudios Urbanos, 52(12), 2090-2104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015583626
Borja, J. (2011). Espacio público y derecho a la ciudad. Viento Sur, 116(1), 39-49. https://cdn.vientosur.info/VScompletos/VS116_Borja_EspacioPublico.pdf
Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the geographies of “actually existing neoliberalism.” Antipode, 34(3), 349-379. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00246
Carrión, F. (2007). Espacio público: punto de partida para la alteridad. En O. Segovia (Ed.), Espacios públicos y construcción social. Hacia un ejercicio de ciudadanía (pp. 79-97). Ediciones SUR.
Catalani, C., & Minkler, M. (2010). Photovoice: A review of the literature in health and public health. Health Education and Behavior , 37(3), 424-451. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198109342084
Cócola-Gant, A. (2018). Struggling with the leisure class: Tourism, gentrification and displacement. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186842196
Cocola-Gant, A., & Gago, A. (2021). Airbnb, buy-to-let investment and tourism-driven displacement: A case study in Lisbon. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(7), 1671-1688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19869012
Cuerdo Vilches, M. (2017). User participation in energy management of buildings: Application of Photovoice method in workplaces (spanish). University of Seville.
Cuerdo Vilches, T., Oteiza San José, I., & Navas Martín, M. Á. (2020a). Proyecto sobre confinamiento social (covid-19), vivienda y habitabilidad [COVID-HAB]. Paraninfo Digital, 14(32), e32066o. http://ciberindex.com/c/pd/e32066o
Cuerdo-Vilches, T., & Navas-Martín, M. Á. (2021). Confined students: A visual-emotional analysis of study and rest spaces in the homes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115506
Cuerdo-Vilches, T., Navas-Martín, M. Á., & Navas-Martín, M. (2020b). Estudio [COVID-HAB-PAC]: un enfoque cualitativo sobre el confinamiento social (COVID-19), vivienda y habitabilidad en pacientes crónicos y su entorno. Paraninfo Digital, 14(32): e32075o. https://ciberindex.com/c/pd/e32075o
Eurostat. (s. f). Youth. Europa.Eu. Recuperado el 30 de junio de 2024. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/children-youth
Fernández-Álvarez, R. (2017). Inequitable distribution of green public space in Mexico City: an environmental injustice case. Economía, Sociedad y Territorio, 17(54), 399-428. https://doi.org/10.22136/EST002017697
Fine Licht, K. (2017). Hostile urban architecture: A critical discussion of the seemingly offensive art of keeping people away. Etikk i Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, 11(2), 27-44. https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V11I2.2052
Harvey, D. (2013). Ciudades rebeldes: del derecho de la ciudad a la revolución urbana. Ediciones Akal.
Imrie, R. (2012). Universalism, universal design and equitable access to the built environment. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(10), 873-882. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2011.624250
Kindon, S., Pain, R., & Kesby, M. (2008). Participatory action research In: International encyclopaedia of human geography. Elsevier Amsterdam.
Laughlin, D. L., & Johnson, L. C. (2011). Defining and exploring public space: perspectives of young people from Regent Park, Toronto. Children’s Geographies, 9(3-4), 439-456.
Leal Maldonado, J., & Domínguez Pérez, M. (2008). Transformaciones económicas y segregación social en Madrid. Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 40(158), 703-725. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/75895
Lefebvre, H. (1978). El derecho a la ciudad. Ediciones Península S. A.
Limón, P. L. (2014). Imaginación geográfica y agencia política: produciendo espacio público a través del Derecho en Madrid (1992-2012). EURE (Santiago), 40(120), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612014000200009
Lloyd, K., & Auld, C. (2003). Leisure, public space and quality of life in the urban environment. Urban Policy and Research, 21(4), 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/0811114032000147395
Malone, K. (2002). Street life: youth, culture and competing uses of public space. Environment and Urbanization, 14(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/095624780201400213
Malone, K., & Hasluck, L. (1998). Geographies of exclusion: young people’s perceptions and use of public space. Family Matters, 49, 20-26.
Navas-Martín, M. Á., & Cuerdo-Vilches, T. (2023). A visual–emotional analysis of perception in the homes of chronic patients during confinement by COVID-19 in Spain. Architecture, 3(1), 107-127. https://doi.org/10.3390/ARCHITECTURE3010008
Nielsen, E. (2021). Hostile Streets: Designing for Inclusive Public Space. Revue YOUR Review (York Online Undergraduate Research), 8. https://yourreview.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/yourreview/article/view/40521
Petty, J. (2014). The London spikes controversy: homelessness, urban securitisation and the question of “hostile architecture.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 5(1), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i1.286
Roca-Riu, M., Menéndez, M., Dakic, I., Buehler, S., & Ortigosa, J. (2020). Urban space consumption of cars and buses: an analytical approach. Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 8(1), 237-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/21680566.2020.1749726
Romero Riquelme, L. C. (2019). Ciudades del control y la restricción: las personas sin hogar y la arquitectura hostil. La Razón Histórica, 42, 163-178. https://digitum.um.es/digitum/bitstream/10201/67200/1/LRH%2042.10.pdf
Sánchez-Ledesma, E., Vásquez-Vera, H., Sagarra, N., Peralta, A., Porthé, V., & Díez, È. (2020). Perceived pathways between tourism gentrification and health: A participatory Photovoice study in the Gòtic neighborhood in Barcelona. Social Science and Medicine, 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113095
Santiago Rodríguez, E. (2007). Madrid, “ciudad única”: pautas y lógicas espaciales en la región madrileña: las grandes trasformaciones estructurales; el despliegue del nuevo “paradigma único” en la región urbana de Madrid. Urban, (12), 8-33.
Sassen, S. (1999). La ciudad global. New York.
Savičić, G., & Savić, S. (2013). Unpleasant design. Gloria.
Schmidt, S., & Németh, J. (2010). Space, place and the city: Emerging research on public space design and planning. Journal of Urban Design, 15(4), 453-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2010.502331
Smith, N. (1992). Contours of a spatialized politics: Homeless vehicles and the production of geographical scale. Social Text, 33, 54. https://doi.org/10.2307/466434
van Aalst, I., & Brands, J. (2021). Young people: being apart, together in an urban park. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 14(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2020.1737181
Vanderbeck, R. M., & Johnson, J. H. (2000). That’s the only place where you can hang out: Urban young people and the space of the mall. Urban Geography, 21(1), 5-5. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.21.1.5
Wang, C., & Burris, M. A. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education and Behavior, 24(3), 369-387. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400309
Wridt, P. J. (2004). An historical analysis of young people’s use of public space, parks and playgrounds in New York City. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(1), 86-06. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.14.1.0086